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Anthropologists earlier believed the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) to be a close relative of primates and classified the species in the prosimian suborder. Although that classification has now been questioned, the tree shrew undoubtedly represents a pivotal chapter in the natural history of the evolution of the brain. With its cone dominated retina, this animal is capable of carrying out color discrimination under isoluminant conditions (i.e. where hue alone is the cue). Unlike primates, it is capable of doing so even after ablation of the primary visual cortex. This book purports to be an...

Ochkams philosophy of language seeks to come to grips with the problem of universals and the ontological status of common predicates. It attempts to clarify what it is that we talk about when we say that two objects belong to the same class or share a common attribute, and whether the alleged commonality is a thing in itself or merely a psychological/linguistic event. Ockhams nominalist response to the problem is set against a tradition of Platonic, Augustinian, and Thomistic texts. This work provides historical background on the reception and critique of these texts and the debates they...