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Almost half a million books printed in the fifteenth century survive in collections worldwide. In Incunabula in Transit Lotte Hellinga explores how and where they were first disseminated. Propelled by the novel need to market hundreds of books, early printers formed networks with colleagues, engaged agents and traded Latin books over long distances. They adapted presentation to suit the taste of distinct readerships, local and remote. Publishing in vernacular languages required typographical innovations, as the chapter on William Caxton’s Flanders enterprise demonstrates. Eighteenth-century...

After Gutenberg's Bible had appeared in print in 1455, other early printers found different ways to solve problems set by the new technique. Survival of printer's copy or proofs permits rare views of compositors and printers manipulating a text before it emerged in its new form. Versions were corrected to be fit for purpose, and might be adapted for a much enlarged readership, especially if the language was vernacular. The printing press itself required careful measuring and fitting of texts. In twelve case-studies Lotte Hellinga explores what is revealed in printer's copy and proofs used in...

This volume presents a collection of essays with an overview of the century-and-a-half between the death of Chaucer in 1400 and the incorporation of the Stationers' Company in 1557. In this time of change the manuscript culture of Chaucer's day was replaced by an ambience in which printed books would become the norm. This volume traces the transition and discerns patterns of where, why and how books were written, printed, bound, acquired, read and passed from hand to hand with particular emphasis on imports and links with the Continent.