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Leonardo Bruni (1370-1444), the leading civic humanist of the Italian Renaissance, served as apostolic secretary to four popes (1405-1414) and chancellor of Florence (1427-1444). He was famous in his day as a translator, orator, and historian, and was the best-selling author of the fifteenth century. Bruni's History of the Florentine People in twelve books is generally considered the first modern work of history, and was widely imitated by humanist historians for two centuries after its official publication by the Florentine Signoria in 1442. This edition makes it available for the...

The beginning of the Renaissance is marked in this translation of Leonardo Bruni's first work, the "Laudatio Florentinae Urbis" (Panegyric of the City of Florence). Written around 1400, this treatise introduces many of the ideas that became central to the Italian Renaissance--republican liberty, free competition, and the balance of power--and influenced many later thinkers of the Renaissance, including Machiavelli. With the ideas outlined in this work, Bruni decisively influenced all later European and American thought about republican and democratic government. In addition to the...