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Do reservation policies reinforce the very categories they are meant to eradicate? In India, policies reserving government jobs, legislative seats and university admissions for disadvantaged groups, like affirmative action policies elsewhere, are based on the premise that recognizing group distinctions in society is necessary to subvert those distinctions. Yet the official identification of eligible groups has unintended side-effects on identity politics.

An examination of the constructions of caste, class, religion and gender in India and contributes insights about the relationship between state identifications and social identities.