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This work on index-number construction focuses on production indexes, including output and input deflators that can be used for constructing real output and real input. The authors treat separately the different production units: the firm, the industry, and the economy, as well as the different forms of industrial organization: monopoly, monopsony, and competition. Only in the simplest cases is the appropriate theory isomorphic to that of the cost-of-living index because of the interlinkages among the various production units. A firm cannot always assume that the behaviour of its competitors,...