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Integrated Chicken-fish farming (ICFF) is a type of animal-fish farming and is a low cost system of fish production that involves the combination of chicken farming with fish culture. However, its practice entails the risk of transfer of pathogens to humans through the consumption of fish grown with chicken manure. In addition, heavy metal deposition into the fish receptacle through manure and spilled chicken feed may lead to metal concentrations in excess of permissible limits. This work assesses the effect of chicken wastes (manure and spilled feed) on the physico-chemical parameters and...

The rapid increase in world population has led to severe strain on resources leading to undesirable consequences like water scarcity and protein deficiency, especially in developing countries. Increased fish production from fish farming is a major solution to the dietary protein shortage but compounded fish feed is expensive and may be out of the reach of the ordinary fish farmer. There is a need for a low-cost system of fish production to cater for the food needs of poor and at the same time maximize the utilization of resources. Integrated fish farming (IFF) is such a low-cost system and it...

Heavy metal pollution can occur from indiscriminate discharge of wastes into waterbodies and heavy metals are well-known toxins for man and animals. River Galma is the main drainage channel in Zaria and the river receives copious industrial effluents, agricultural wastes and domestic effluents including sewage from adjoining settlements. Thus, there is every possibility of contamination of water, sediments and fish in the River by heavy metals because of their persistence, toxicity and bioaccumulative nature. The few works on heavy metal loads in the River concentrates on river water and no...