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he fame of French scientist and geographer Joseph N. Nicollet rests upon his monumental map and report of the Upper Mississippi Valley. The map, published by the United States government in 1843, remained the foundation of Upper Mississippi cartography until the era of modern surveys.

Nicollet's journals illuminate the 1836 trip to the source of the Mississippi and a journey up the St. Croix River in 1837. His day-by-day accounts include careful notes on geographical features, flora and fauna, and the aurora borealis. But above all, his keen observations on the customs and culture...

In 1838 and 1839 French scientist Joseph N. Nicollet led two expeditions into the land between the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. His findings were published in the first authentic map of the region, a document that influenced mapmakers in the United States for generations.

This book contains translations of journals, letters, and notes produced during those expeditions, which visited landmarks like the Pipestone Quarry in Minnesota and Fort Pierre, the Coteau des Prairies, and Devil's Lake in the Dakotas. Nicollet met often with Dakota people in the region, and his observations...