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This book provides historical sketches of the most significant national and international learned societies and academies located outside the United States. Complementing Joseph Kiger's Research Institutions and Learned Societies, which covers the United States, this volume includes profiles, arranged alphabetically, on some 100 organizations located in fifty-three countries.

Each profile provides comprehensive, uniform, up-to-date information, including founding, history, purpose, activities, governance, current operations, and location of offices and archives, on the subject society....

The modern American foundation as an instrumentality for charitable and philanthropic giving is in many ways a unique and complex social/economic/political institution. This is particularly the case for foundations with large assets. As a social phenomenon, the foundation has deep roots in the past. At the beginnings of any degree of civilization charitable giving and rudimentary forms of foundations emerge. This is the case in many regions of the world. The pattern is consistent: once enough property or wealth beyond primitive human needs is accumulated, some of it begins to be set aside...

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This new work, edited by Kiger, a specialist in foundation history, inlcudes 146 sketches of major foundations in 31 countries. Detailed entries written by foundation personnel or drawn from secondary sources describe the history, purpose, activities, financing, governance, and location of each foundation. . . . This will be useful both as a reference source and a social history. "Library Journal"

This volume provides information on the history and operation of major foundations located outside the United States. Unlike statistical directories covering foreign foundations, this book...

In a readable, coherent, and succinct account, Kiger surveys the changes that have taken place in U.S. foundations in the 20th century and describes our foundations as they exist today. Opening with historical information on the emergence of large foundations at the beginning of the century, the book discusses the major characteristics of foundations, emphasizing that they are organized to give away rather than make money, and identifies and discusses the major changes since 1950.

In considering those changes, the book considers such topics as growth and expansion, diversification in...