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Following the generation of Marx and Engels, Karl Kautsky was the leading theorist, interpreter, and popularizer of Marxism. In numerous publications he fought against Eduard Bernstein's revisionism and Rosa Luxemburg's radicalism. In the last two decades of his life he was a bitter enemy of Leninism. Karl Kautsky: Marxism, Revolution, and Democracy consists of six chapters about Karl Kautsky, all written by his grandson. It includes specialized studies of certain aspects of the theorist's political thought as well as his role in politics.

The chapters cover such topics as...

One of the pre-eminent scholars in the history and theory of European socialism, John Kautsky in this volume develops the argument that Marxism and Leninism are two quite different ideologies. He counterposes this view with the commonly accepted one of Leninism as simply one form that Marxism took in the course of its evolution. The easy identification of Marxism and Leninism with each other has been responsible for great confusion in the realm of both scholarly and political discourse.

Kautsky develops his position within the tradition of the sociology of knowledge, by the close...

Ever since the rise of mass labor movements in the late nineteenth century, socialism has been seen as an inevi- table and antagonistic response to capitalism and the spread of industrialization. Over the course of the twentieth century, however, socialism's failure to gain ground in the United States and most of the non-Western world exposed the limited, Eurocentric views of socialist theorists, and also the inadequacy of the theory as it applied to Europe as well. John Kautsky argues that a key factor in the development of social democratic labor movements was the persistence of...

An assessment of the role played by the Soviet and the Chinese Communists in the formation of the strategy of the Communist Party of India, and a case study in the postwar development of international Communist strategy in general are presented.

The Politics of Aristocratic Empires is a study of a political order that prevailed throughout much of the world for many centuries without any major social conflict or change and with hardly any government in the modern sense. Although previously ignored by political science, powerful remnants of this old order still persist in modern politics.

The historical literature on aristocratic empires typically is descriptive and treats each empire as unique. By contrast, this work adopts an analytical, explanatory, and comparative approach and clearly distinguishes aristocratic...