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By 735 an Arab empire stretched from Arles and Avignon in southern France to the Indus River and Central Asia, and a vital young civilization fostered by a new world religion was taking root. Yet the Muslim conquerors were divided by tribal quarrels, tensions among new converts, and religious revolts. In 745 a vigorous new successor to the Prophet took control in Damascus and began to restore the waning power of the Umayyad dynasty. Marwan II's attempts were thwarted, however, by revolts on every hand, even among his own relatives. The main body of dissidents was a well-trained group of...

Since the 1970s, Islam has been undergoing a tremendous resurgence throughout the world. This resurgence has often been labeled "Islamic fundamentalism" by the media, but it includes believers of every persuasion, from the most conservative to the most liberal.

Given this fact, it is vital for the West to understand the terms in which Islam thinks and to communicate effectively with Muslims. This anthology includes writings central to Islamic thought, some translated earlier but here redone, and others which have never before appeared in any Western language.

The selections...

The Islamic world in its year 132 (570 AD) was ruled by a new revolutionary regime. The dynasty that it brought to power was revered as the Imams of the Sunni Muslims for the next 767 years. In good part, this stability and longevity were founded by the remarkable grandfather of H r n al-Rash d, Ab Ja'far al-Mans r, who came to power in 754 AD and died in 775. Al-Mans r destroyed every threat to his own supremacy, leaving an opulent autocracy to his son. Here are the reminiscences of those who witnessed these years, woven by the great historiographer al-Tabar (d. 923) into a vivid account,...

This 1989 second volume of Professor Williams' translation of al-Tabar 's account of the early 'Abb s empire focuses on the reigns of the son - al-Mahd - and grandsons - al-Hadi and H r n al-Rash d - of Caliph al-Mans r, the subject of the first volume. This was the 'Golden Prime' of the empire, before the civil war between the sons of al-Rash d and the movement of the capital away from Baghdad. Also considered is the story of the Persian aristocratic family, the Barmakis, who became the real rulers under the indolent al-Rash d, until he destroyed them in a rage which astonished his...