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Structural adjustment program is conditionality set by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund for developing countries as conditions to qualify for receipts of loans.In principle, the structures and policies of the WB and IMF are suppose to reflect the will of the membership, the realty however, is quite different with many of the changes mirroring the shiffitng periorities of USA foreign policy towards Africa. The 1980s and early 1990s were an exceptionally difficult period for lowincome developing countries, particularly in Africa. Many economies had been brought to the...

It is well know that infrastructure(roads, water supply, sewers, power grids, telecommunications, etc) is like a blood vessel for social and economic development of a city or country in the delivery of standard municipality services to the citizens or society. Depending on the levels of urbanization and countrys economic development, urban infrastructure is always linked with ensuring socio and local development of any country. Adequate development of urban infrastructure and municipal services, effective leadership, adequate delivery and management of these services with a view of meeting...