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With the development of sophisticated program packages, advanced computational electronic-structure theory has become a practical tool for nonspecialists at universities and in industry. This book provides a technical account of the subject. Suitable for students and researchers alike, it provides extensive numerical examples and solutions at the end of each chapter and obtains important working equations of computational electronic-structure theory in detail, which readers are able to use to write a computer program. The methods used are supported by actual examples.

Silver is a natural metal and is geologically rare. It has been used in making jewellery, electronic equipment and photographic processes amongst other products. People are exposed to very low amount of silver daily, an amount that is not threatening their health. However, silver is persistent and bioaccumulate in the environment, which makes it an environmental hazard. Although silver is mostly found under its ionic form, silver nano particles are becoming more and more part of the anthropogenic inputs. There are many unknown aspects of silver nano particles, which makes them hard to monitor...