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From the calling into existence of the first organized units of African American troops during the Civil War until the late 1940s, the armed forces of the United States were segregated by race. Given the prevailing racial attitudes, especially within America s military leadership, the process of integration was relatively slow paced, even after President Truman s 1948 Executive Order officially rendered segregation in the military inoperable. Even civilian employees in the U.S. defense establishment endured the pains of segregation and the slow evolutionary path of its demise. The Invisible...