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This lecture presents the perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition (ABC) used to simulate free space when solving the Maxwell equations with such finite methods as the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method or the finite element method. The frequency domain and the time domain equations are derived for the different forms of PML media, namely the split PML, the CPML, the NPML, and the uniaxial PML, in the cases of PMLs matched to isotropic, anisotropic, and dispersive media. The implementation of the PML ABC in the FDTD method is presented in detail. Propagation and...

Explores the history of the Habsburg Empire, from its origins in the mid-13th century, through its establishment and the reigns of Frederick III, Maximilian I and Charles V. This volume also examines economic developments, social change, cultural matter and the threat posed by the Turks.

This is the second volume of Berenger's history of the Habsburg Empire. The work explores the complex relationships of the ethnic groups within the Empire - particularly the Czechs and the Hungarians - and shows how the dynasty survived and gained strength before World War I.

This is the eagerly awaited second volume of Jean Berenger's history of the Habsburgs. It covers the last two centuries of their rule and provides a compelling account of the fluctuations of Habsburg dynastic power and its disintegration after World War One. Berenger gives a rich portrait of Habsburg greatness under Maria Theresa and Joseph II and shows how their successors proved more adroit at riding the tide of nationalism in their multi-ethnic empire than is often recognised.
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The first part of a two-volume history of the Habsburg Empire from its medieval origins to its dismemberment in the First World War.
This important volume (which is self-contained) meets a long-felt need for a systematic survey in English of the Habsburgs and their lands in the late medieval and early modern periods. It is primarily concerned with the Habsburg territories in central and northern Europe, but the history of the Spanish Habsburgs in Spain and the Netherlands is also covered. The book, like the Habsburgs themselves, deals with an immense range of lands and peoples: clear,...