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This book presents the theoretical bases and the application tools for using the 'convergence-confinement' method which is a rational method largely used in design engineering for tunneling. Until recently, the stability conditions of underground works and the choice of support methods were essentially defined on the basis of good practice or empirical methods. The progress made, on one hand on the knowledge of the constitutive laws of soils and rocks and, on the other hand on the numerical modeling of the interaction between the ground and the structures have led to the development of robust...

This book presents the theoretical bases and the application tools for using the 'convergence-confinement' method which is a rational method largely used in design engineering for tunneling. Until recently, the stability conditions of underground works and the choice of support methods were essentially defined on the basis of good practice or empirical methods. The progress made, on one hand on the knowledge of the constitutive laws of soils and rocks and, on the other hand on the numerical modeling of the interaction between the ground and the structures have led to the development of robust...

This book collects together recent results on large-scale structures in non-linear science. Coherent states, convective and turbulent patterns, inverse cascades, interfaces and cooperative phenomena in fluids and plasmas are discussed, together with the implementation of concepts of statistical mechanics to particle physics and nuclear matter. Special attention is devoted to phenomena, such as mixing, which display macroscopicfeatures, even though generated by small-scale dynamical processes. In this context, homoclinic structure, the KAM theorem, Lyapunov stability,and singularities are...