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The turning operation was performed using two levels of cutting speed while the feed rate and depth of cut were kept fixed. The SEM images were analyzed for worn toolsurfaces and machined surfaces. The microhardness analysis indicated heat-based attention in the turned workpiece; thus, the heat-based effect was lowest in MQL compared to RHVT, compressed air, and dry conditions. Results demonstrated MQL can significantly lower tool tip temperature by up to 16 %, tool wear by up to 102%-106%, average cutting forces by 17% -21%, surface roughness reduced by experiments in Stage II were performed...

The turning operation was performed using two levels of cutting speed while the feed rate and depth of cut were kept fixed. The SEM images were analyzed for worn tool surfaces and machined surfaces. The microhardness analysis indicated heat-based attention in the turned workpiece; thus, the heat-based effect was lowest in MQL compared to RHVT, compressed air, and dry conditions. Results manifested that MQL can significantly lower tool tip temperature by up to 16 %, tool wear by up to 102%-106%, average cutting forces by 17% -21%, surface roughness reduced by 11% -21%, and energy consumption...