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This collection of essays -- each of which treats an integral aspect of the field -- defines several key concepts and their interrelationships, outlines basic research issues, and discusses near-term applications projects. The book examines three foundations of ITSs in detail -- expert, student diagnostic, and instructional or curricular knowledge -- and describes:

* How they are embodied in computer-assisted instructional environments
* How these systems accrue the advantages of advanced computer interface technologies
* How ITSs will emerge in the real world of complex...

Organizations of all kinds struggle to understand, adapt, respond and manipulate changing conditions in their internal and external environments. Approaches based on the causal, linear logic of mechanistic sciences and engineering continue to play an important role, given people's ability to create order. But such approaches are valid only within carefully circumscribed boundaries. They become counterproductive when the same organizations display the highly reflexive, context-dependent, dynamic nature of systems in which agents learn and adapt and new patterns emerge. The rapidly expanding...

Once a forbidding area of swamps and forests, Berkley was uninhabited until the early 19th century. In 1924, the Detroit News disparaged the "frontier community" and wrote that it "resembles a settlement in the oil waste of Wyoming." Still, forward-thinking residents thought Berkley had a bright future. Two factions with competing ideas raced with paperwork to the Oakland County Courthouse in Pontiac; the triumphant group, desiring a small town, camped out overnight to be the first in line. Later incorporated as a city in 1932, Berkley's history includes the invention of the Benjamin Grain...

This collection of essays -- each of which treats an integral aspect of the field -- defines several key concepts and their interrelationships, outlines basic research issues, and discusses near-term applications projects. The book examines three foundations of ITSs in detail -- expert, student diagnostic, and instructional or curricular knowledge -- and describes: * How they are embodied in computer-assisted instructional environments * How these systems accrue the advantages of advanced computer interface technologies * How ITSs will emerge in the real world of complex problem solving * How...