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In the first contribution to this volume we read that the world-wide production of single crystal silicon amounts to some 2000 metric tons per year. Given the size of present-day silicon-crystals, this number is equivalent to 100000 silicon-crystals grown every year by either the Czochralski (80%) or the floating-zone (20%) technique. But, to the best of my knowledge, no coherent and comprehensive article has been written that deals with "the art and science," as well as the practical and technical aspects of growing silicon crystals by the Czochralski technique. The same could be said about...

1.1 The Role of Silicon as a Semiconductor Silicon is unchallenged as a semiconductor base material in our present electronics indu stry. The reasons why it qualifies so strongly for this particular purpose are manyfold. The attractive combination of physical (electrical) properties of silicon and the unique properties of its native oxide layer have been the original factors for its breathtaking evolution in device technology. The majority of reasons, however, for its present status are correlated with industrial prosessing in terms of charge units ( economy), reliability (reproducibility),...

Luminescence is just as fascinating and luminescent materials (are) just as important as the number of books on these topics are rare. We have met many beginners in these fields who have asked for a book introducing them to luminescence and its applications, without knowing the appropriate answer. Some very useful books are completely out of date, like the first ones from the late I 940s by Kroger, Leverenz and Pringsheim. Also those edited by Goldberg (1966) and Riehl (1971) can no longer be recommended as up-to-date introductions. In the last decade a few books of excellent quality have...

Over the past ten years liquid crystals have attracted much interest and considerable progress has been made with respect to our knowledge in this field. The recent development was initiated mainly by the work of J. L. Fergason and G. H. Heilmeier, who pointed out the importance of liquid crystals for thermographic and electro optic applications. The first part of this book is a brief introduction to the physics of liquid crystals. The structures and properties of the three basic types of liquid crystals are discussed. A special paragraph is devoted to electric-field effects, which are...