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Despite its non-Christian origins, the scheme of the cardinal virtues (prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance) found wide acceptance in medieval theology, philosophy, and religious literature. The present study is the first to investigate the history of the four virtues in the Latin Middle Ages from patristic times to the late fourteenth century. It examines the position of the cardinal virtues between religious and secularized conceptions of morality and attempts to reveal some distinctly Christian aspects of medieval virtue theory notwithstanding its manifest indebtedness to ancient...

Ever since its rediscovery in the thirteenth century, Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics has figured as a prime model of philosophical ethics in Western moral thought. This collection of articles for the first time surveys the medieval tradition of commentaries on the work from its origins to the fifteenth century. The twelve articles concentrate on the moral and intellectual virtues around which Aristotle's ethic revolves and in many cases compare the discussion of the virtues in the medieval commentaries with contemporary theological debate. Taken together, the articles show the diverse...

This volume analyses the renewal of Western moral thought in the twelfth century. This renewal was marked by a burgeoning of increasingly systematized texts, a lively reception of ancient moral philosophy and a greater emphasis on the psychology of the moral agent. Five contributions are devoted to monastic morality (Anselm of Canterbury, Bernard of Clairvaux, Hugh of Folieto, Hugh of Saint Victor, Peter Abelard); another five to (proto-)scholastic thought (John of Salisbury, Peter Abelard, Stephen Langton, the idea of natural virtue, the justification of lying); three discuss moral issues in...