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This book provides an overview of the theological views on takfīr in classical and medieval Islamic thought, explores the Islamic context of the concept, and considers the following questions: In what context does the term appear in the Qur'ān and ḥadīths (the sayings of the Prophet Muḥammad)? In what circumstances did Muslim theologians engage in takfīr, and what were the social, religious, theological, and political implications on the society? How did the meaning of takfīr evolve in classical and later Islamic theology, and what justifications did...

This book presents a multi-religious discussion of spiritual and ethical formation through friendship. Contributors from six global traditions draw on different spiritual concepts to show how friends help us establish diverse societies, healthy ecosystems, trauma healing, inner virtues, social action, and divine connection.

Strangers in This World brings together a consortium of scholars to reflect on the religious, political, anthropological, and social realities of immigration through the prism of the historical and theological resources, insights, and practices across an array of religious traditions.