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This is a guide to and commentary on the new procedural rules for arbitration adopted by the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in December 2012. The PCA is a unique arbitral institution - an intergovernmental organization counting over one hundred member states - with a rapidly growing annual caseload of arbitrations involving various combinations of states, state entities, intergovernmental organizations, and private parties. The 2012 PCA Rules are the most recent set of arbitral rules from any institution, and constitute a consolidation of four sets of PCA Rules drafted in the 1990s, and...

Offers an insight into the complex legal rules governing multimodal transport, and the equally subtle commercial influences operating in the market for multimodal services. The authors detail the liabilities that may be incurred under the alternative rules and provides the facts to make informed decisions about managing risks in multimodal contracts. Three sets of multimodal rules have been implemented internationally since 1973, and this text analyzes and compares their operation in a variety of typical situations.