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Francois Baucher (1796-1863) was the center of one of the most famous controversies in the development of modern equitation. Baucher introduced the one tempi flying changes at the canter, but in nineteenth century France his circus performances and methods of haute ecole training were attacked. Attempts to introduce his theories to the French Cavalry were blocked, although he is now recognized as an out-standing horseman and exponent of classical dressage. This important work combines a translation of two of Baucher's publications: New Method of Horsemanship and Dialogues on Equitation, with...

"Circus was quite a serious thing in nineteenth and early twentieth century Europe. Edmond and Jules de Goncourt noted in their Journal "We go to only one theater--the Circus. There we see clowns, tumblers....there is no false exhibition of talent..." Balzac believed that a circus equestrienne was worth more respect than an actress, a prima ballerina or an opera prima donna. And indeed, equestrians were the kings of the circus--and equestriennes, its idolized queens. For horsemanship was important then. It was more than mere entertainment. Wars had been won by good horsemen. Horses were still...