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Every day, human beings see many groupings, each of which has a series of input and output components. It is argued that one of the main points of these groupings is the necessity of establishing a balance among the input components. Since violating this condition might lead to not only the loss of input sources and its cost, but also it would have a negative impact on the output. Therefore, to avoid the harmful consequences of this imbalance, it is necessary to control the amount of components in proportion to each other and prevent their excessive entry into the grouping. For example, if in...

This book discusses the efficacy of nanomaterial-based X-rays enhancers against cancer therapy and imaging in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Also, synthesis, mechanism, and the related biological effects are given. Moreover, nanoparticle-based contrast agents to enhance the image quality are compiled. Finally, special nanoparticle-based contrast agents to enhance the contrast for targeted cancer therapy are covered and discussed.