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Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are widely used in industrial manufacturing, transportation and household appliances because of their high power density and excellent performance. In consideration of reducing the size of the control device, cost reduction and system operational reliability, it is necessary to abandon the position sensor and realize the sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor. At present, the magnetic chain observer method is one of the most commonly used and easy to implement algorithms for sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors....

In 2014, China initiated its national action plan for sponge city development aiming to tackle urban water and environmental challenges. Since then, numerous projects have been implemented across 30 pilot cities and beyond in China through two development stages. The sponge city development, based on a systematic approach of “source reduction, process control, and systematic remediation”, adopts comprehensive technical measures of “infiltration, detention, retention, purification, utilization and discharge”, and coordinates the different aspects of water quantity and quality, ecology...