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In this book, we investigate the issue of the final fate of a gravitationally collapsing massive stars and the associated cosmic censorship problem. When the star is heavier than a few solar masses, it could undergo an endless gravitational collapse without achieving any equilibrium state. This happens when the star has exhausted its internal nuclear fuel which provides the outwards pressure against the inwards pulling gravitational forces. This remains one of the most outstanding open issues (Islam, 1992) in gravitation theory today. We discuss the essential features of spherically symmetric...

Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity describes the motion of particles moving at close to the speed of light. Einsteins theory is now very well established as the correct description of motion of relativistic objects, that is, those traveling at a significant fraction of the speed of light. Einstein replaced the laws of Newton and Galileo with his theory of special relativity which showed how space and time are really related. In this book, we have extensively studied some relativistic transformations based on force and discussed the invariance properties in the light of space and time. We...

This book investigates the potential impacts of global warming and rapid GHG emissions from artificial sources on coastal and marine ecosystems and introduces effective strategies to improve coastal and marine ecosystems by mitigating GHG emissions and concentrations. Therefore, this book develops four novel mathematical models to investigate the potential impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems, and two novel optimal control problems to mitigate the potential impacts and improve coastal and marine ecosystems by reducing GHG emissions and concentrations. All models are extensively validated...

Population projection for many developing countries like Bangladesh could be quite a challenging task. The objective of this paper is to compare between different types of population models and to find out the most suitable population models for long term population projection. We represented some population models such as Malthusian model, Logistic model, Gompertz model and Schaefer model to investigate their solution and plot their graphs. We predicted the human population of Bangladesh during 1980 to 2080 by applying both Malthusian and Logistic models using the actual population data of...