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A normal endometrial cycle is associated with changes in both endometrial glands and stroma that allow the pathologist to diagnose microscopically the phase of menstrual cycle. Irregular menstrual bleeding and menorrhagia occur frequently among perimenopausal women. Any women over the age of 40 years with menorrhagia or other forms of increased vaginal bleeding should undergo endometrial biopsy in order to detect atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. The incidence of malignant neoplasms of the uterus increases rapidly in women over the age of 40 years. In view the high...

Articulators are mechanical instruments that represent the maxilla, mandible and TMJs. Their main task is to provide a frame where it is possible to relate, in the three planes of space, the maxillary cast with the mandibular cast relative to the hinge axis of the patient and of the instrument. An articulator serves as a patient in the absence of the patient because it can be programmed with patient records that allows the operator to fabricate a restoration that will be physiologically and psychologically successful.

Rehabilitation of patients with maxillofacial defects is a real challenge to the Prosthodontist. It is a difficult task because the defects are large and soft tissues may be present in different stages of healing. If all teeth are lost and the desired bony undercuts are also not present, then the problem of retention is further complicated. The scope of this book covers various modalities for achieving retention for a maxillofacial prosthesis.