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The literature on functionalized supramolecules like calix 4]pyrrole, calix 4]resorcinarene and their analytical applications has been comprehensively covered. Various synthetic techniques, mechanism and modifications have also been discussed. When macrocycles interact with other molecules by certain non-covalent interactions such as dipole-dipole, ion-dipole, hydrogen bonding etc, they are termed as supramolecules. This book deals with the comprehensive literature survey on supramolecular chemistry.

A new series of calix 4]pyrrole derivatives bearing azo-moiety at the mesoposition of the macrocycles have demonstrated the ability for liquid-liquid extraction, preconcentration and transport of Th(IV) across a liquid membrane. Various significant extraction parameters such as effect of pH, effect of solvent and effect of reagent concentration were investigated, which showed high affinity and selectivity towards Th(IV) in the presence of large quantities of associated metal ions. The wavelengths of maximum extraction ( max) and molar absorptivity ( ) have also been determined. The...