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Infectious diseases cause millions of deaths each year. The top single disease killers include tuberculosis and diarrheal diseases. The diarrheal diseases caused by cholera toxin and E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin constitute a large part of the diarrhea-related deaths worldwide each year. While there are some efficacious drugs against Vibrio cholerae in the market, their resistance is developing quickly. We wish to develop synthetic molecules that could bind to CT with a high affinity to block the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by CT. We designed, synthesized and evaluated bisubstrate analogs...

In 2014, China initiated its national action plan for sponge city development aiming to tackle urban water and environmental challenges. Since then, numerous projects have been implemented across 30 pilot cities and beyond in China through two development stages. The sponge city development, based on a systematic approach of “source reduction, process control, and systematic remediation”, adopts comprehensive technical measures of “infiltration, detention, retention, purification, utilization and discharge”, and coordinates the different aspects of water quantity and quality, ecology...