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The ability of detecting forces and torques at the micro- and nano- scale is of fundamental importance. The photonic force microscope (PFM) had been employed to measure forces in the range of femto- to pico-Newton in many di erent elds with exciting applications in biophysics, thermodynamics of small systems, and colloidal physics. Here, after an introductive overview of a typical PFM setup, we discuss the three main aspects necessary to understand the PFM, i.e. optical trapping, Brownian motion in an optical trap, and position detection. In the second part of the book, we describe some...