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Data available indicate that the use of solar PV systems in off-grid rural communities is plagued with barriers, which must be carefully researched. Without a clear quantification of impacts, potential users may not accept solar PV as an appropriate alternative for electricity generation. Using with/without comparison technique, 209 households and 47 micro-enterprises with and without solar PV systems were surveyed in rural Ghana. Principal component analysis was used to construct energy-poverty index scores (EPIS), descriptive statistics was used to analyse the impacts and Pareto analysis...

The papers in this volume fall under two main themes. The first deals broadly with multilingualism and language contact in West Africa in general and Cameroon in particular. Important topics discussed in this section include: the structure and discursive use(s) of the various forms and uses of Pidgin English, the ways the French language and African languages have influenced each other through loaning (both direct and indirect) and a description of local forms of Africanised European languages (especially French). The second part concerns language teaching and learning in contact situations....