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This second selection of articles by George Makdisi concentrates on the schools of religious thought and legal learning in the medieval Islamic world and their defence of ’orthodoxy’. The author aims to review and re-assess the implications of the conflict between, first, the ’rationalist’ and the ’traditional’ theologians (the one accepting the influence of Greek philosophy, the other rejecting it), and then between one of these traditionalist schools - the Hanbali school of law - and Sufi mysticism. One of the most important consequences of the first of these confrontations, he...

This biography of the Muslim scholastic and humanist Ibn 'Aqil (A.H. 431-513/ A.D. 1040-1119) sheds light on one of the most important periods of classical Islam, one which has had a significant impact on religious and intellectual culture in the Christian Latin West.

Challenging beliefs about intellectual culture, Makdisi reaffirms the links between Western and Arabic thought and shows that although scholasticism and humanism have long been considered to be exclusive to the Western world, they have their roots in the medieval Islamic world.

A collection of articles concerned with the growth, topography and local history of Baghdad as one of the principal urban centres of the medieval world and a microcosm of much of the Islamic world at that time. The author develops the theme of authority and power.

Makdisi's important work traces the development and organisational structure of learning institutions in Islam, and reassesses scholarship on the origins and growth of the Madrasa.