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Has economic integration lowered the level of environmental standards in developing countries? Many observers think so. But in this study Jale Tosun argues that this need not necessarily be the case. As the case studies on Chile and Mexico reveal, trade interlinkage with developed countries can yield a positive impact on the level of environmental policy setting. At the implementation stage, however, developing countries try to evade enhanced regulatory burdens through reduced enforcement activities. Tosun explains this behaviour by developing a two-level interaction model, which integrates...

How has the economic and financial crisis that started in 2007 affected European integration? Observers have been speculating about whether the crisis will ultimately lead to a strengthening or weakening of the European Union. This book studies the effects of the crisis on EU policy-making and institutional arrangements on one hand, and citizens' EU attitudes and political parties' electoral strategies on the other. It concludes that, at least in the short run, the crisis has overall created an opportunity for European integration rather than an obstacle. First, it has triggered events of...