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Stochastic calculus and stochastic differential equations have played a major role in analyzing the dynamic phenomena in the biological and physical sciences, as well as engineering. This title deals with this topic.

Stochastic calculus and stochastic differential equations have played a major role in analyzing the dynamic phenomena in the biological and physical sciences, as well as engineering. This title deals with this topic.

The recent advent of rapid technological changes, scientific developments, and educational expansions have created complex heterogeneities, environmental uncertainties, and socio-economic-ecological inequalities globally. The innovative beneficial resources upgrade and update the existing varieties of structural features such as hereditary, random environmental, spatial and atmospheric perturbations in human population dynamics processes and predator-prey systems. The highly interconnected system under operating random environmental conditions is represented by nonlinear nonstationary...