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The depletion of fossil fuels and climate changes caused by greenhouse gases are boosting increasing research efforts to find out alternative energy sources and technologies. Among these, fuel cells are receiving much attention for their efficiency as well as the capability to use, besides hydrogen, a variety of renewable fuels such as alcohols and carbohydrates. Fuel cells of which there exist different types according to the electrolyte employed, working temperature and fuel, are electrochemical devices that directly convert the chemical energy stored in a fuel into electrical energy with...

The book brings into relief the variety of approaches and disciplines that have informed the quest for a theory of cognition. The center of interest are the historical, geographical, and theoretical peripheries of classic AI's mainstream research program. The twelve chapters bring back into focus the variety of strategies and theoretical questions that researchers explored while working toward a scientific theory of cognition and pre-cognition. The volume is organized in four parts, each one including three essays. The first one deals with cybernetics, the approach that may be considered as...

In the early part of the eighteenth century, Francesco Bianchini of Verona turned his primitive telescope - a refractor of only a few centimetres aperture but with an enormous focal length of around 20 metres - on the planet Venus. He recorded some of the first telescopic observations of Venus, outstanding in terms of care and accuracy. Bianchini determined the parallax of the planet, estimated the period of rotation, and carefully mapped surface features (although we now know that only Venus' atmospheric clouds can be seen in visible light).
Peter Fay and Sally Beaumont have translated...