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This book deals with a crucial and yet under-explored topic that has increasingly gained momentum during modern armed conflicts, i.e. dual-use objects under international humanitarian law (IHL). Dual-use objects, such as energy infrastructures, water installations and civilian means of transportation and communication, which could be used also for military purposes, is a term that has entered the IHL jargon but has not attained the status of a legal concept. Dual-use objects are easily identifiable and yet remain difficult to pin down, in particular when it comes to separating them from...

This book, a follow-up publication to the 2016 volume Foreign Fighters under International Law and Beyond, zooms in on the responses that the international community and individual States are implementing in response to (prospective and actual) returning foreign fighters (FFs) and their families, focusing on returnees from Syria and Iraq to European countries.As States and international organisations are still ‘learning by doing’, the role of the academic community is to help steer the process by bridging the divide between international standards and their implementation at the national...