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The Grand Inquisitor is a parable told by Ivan to Alyosha in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel, The Brothers Karamazov. Ivan and Alyosha are brothers; Ivan is a committed atheist and Alyosha is a novice monk. The Grand Inquisitor is an important part of the novel and one of the best-known passages in modern literature because of its ideas about human nature and freedom, and because of its fundamental ambiguity.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky sometimes transliterated Dostoevsky, was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist, journalist and philosopher. Dostoyevsky's literary works explore human psychology in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmosphere of 19th-century Russia, and engage with a variety of philosophical and religious themes.

This first Russian existentialist novel is depicted as part of the memoirs of a retired embittered man usually referred to as The Underground Man. Like many of Dostoevsky's works the Russian critics were unfavorable, because of his rejection of socialism. The author's feeling that man's needs may never be satisfied goes against Marxist philosophy. The first part of the novel gives a series of riddles that will be answered later. The second part is the actual story of the Underground Man.