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Today, all industrialized states are multinational. However, as Political Sociologist Feliks Gross points out, there remains considerable debate and experimentation on how to organize a multiethnic, democratic, and humane state. Gross examines various types of multiethnic states as well as their early origins and prospects for success. In the past, minorities were usually formed as a consequence of conquest or migration; minorities tended to have an inferior status, subordinated to the ruling, dominant ethnic class.

While Athens provides an early example of a state formed by...

The primordial bonds of early societies--common ancestry or tribal bonds and territorial or neighborhood bonds--are at the root of early political organization. States based on common tribal or ethnic identity have tended to develop into highly nationalistic states. The civic state, based upon territory, appeared in embryonic form in Athens. It was Rome, however, that made the complete transition, creating a civic state based on an association of free citizens, irrespective of ethnicity.

The tribal state in its extreme, often totalitarian, form has led to genocide, holocausts, and...

What happens in a region inhabited by various nationalities and hostile ethnic groups after a long period of antagonism and conflicts culminates in genocide and massacres? Are people able to forget the past, to live together as good neighbors? How diverse nationalities, Italians and Slavs, once mortal enemies, learned to live together is one of the major themes of Ethnics in a Borderland.

The area chosen for field research was the Italian borderland, the northern Italian-Yugoslav frontier region, called the Julian Region. As a preliminary step toward examining ethnic tensions, Feliks...