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Cortisol is the principal active glucocorticoid produced by the human adrenal gland, which is the key regulator of whole-body homeostasis. Cortisol is essential for provision of nutrients to tissues via carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. It also affects all of the major systems of the body, including the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, nervous, and immune systems, and play critical roles in fetal development. Secretion of cortisol is controlled by hypothalamus, pituitary and the adrenal gland. CRH released from the hypothalamus acts on pituitary gland to release ACTH, which acts on...