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Control system of fluidized catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) is a good example to study multivariable control, interaction, decoupling system. In this work, basic energy balance around FCC unit is applied. Transfer functions were carried out using state space method. Regenerated catalyst flow rate and air flow rate were chosen to be manipulated variables whereas reactor temperature and regenerator temperature were chosen to be controlled variables. Determining the tight of interaction based on relative gain array (RGA). The Tuning of control parameters for PID feedback was calculated by...

Gas-solid spouted beds are either cylindrical bed with cone base or the whole bed is in a cone shape where the gas enters as a jet. The gas forms a spout region that carries the solids upward in a diluted phase, which forms a fountain at the top of the bed where the solids fall down and move downward in the annular region. These beds have found wide and efficient applications as reactors, dryers, coaters, etc. Various design and operating variables affect the performance of these beds. Optimization helps guiding the experimental work, scale-up process, reducing the risk and cost of the design...