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This study shows that Passive Agent markers and Ergative markers do not always realize an unified semantic category of an Agent. The syncretisms present in the semantics of these markers point to the existence of different ways in which we can construe reference to an Initial-Energizer. Certain family traits have been found throughout the book as to what construals are preferred over others. The book was intended as a way to understand the motivation behind the choice of a given marker to express an Agent within a well-defined grammatical context. Palancar believes that the introduction of a...

Tone is about melody and meaning, inflection is about grammar, and this book is about a bit of both by studying complex ways in which the tones of a given language engage in the expression of grammatical meaning. The book includes chapters on both general issues concerning tone and inflection as well as case studies on lesser known languages of Asia, Africa, Papua New Guinea, and Mesoamerica, with a special focus on the Oto-Manguean languages.