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Most of us assume that people in every period and in every region of the world have understood and valued intelligence in the same way we do today. Our modern concept of intelligence, however, is actually quite recent, emerging from the dramatic social and scientific changes that rocked the United States during the 19th century.

"Inventing Intelligence: How America Came to Worship IQ" discusses the historical context for understanding the development of the concept of intelligence and the tests used to measure it. The author delves into the intertwined issues of IQ, heredity, and merit...

This book describes the course of social and emotional development in children and adults with mental retardation. Based on empirical research exploring the effect of cognitive delays and socialization for incompetence on normal developmental milestones, the text is supplemented and enriched by the reflections of individuals with mental retardation. Castles begins with an overview of social and emotional development in intellectually normal persons and a discussion of how this process is affected by the experience of mental retardation. Subsequent chapters deal with changing relationships...