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This book offers the first detailed commentary on the Gnostic treatises reported by Irenaeus in Adversus Haereses 1.29–30. It is argued that these texts represent the earliest tangible layer of the Gnostic literary tradition and served as sources for the Apocryphon of John and other later works. They also formed the starting point for Valentinus and his followers, who sought to reconcile the ideas of the Gnostics with apostolic Christianity. The book also shows that Irenaeus and later heresiologists referred to “the Gnostics” as a specific group among the great mass of heretics.

The authority of the Bible is one of the defining features of Christianity. However, the origins of the biblical canon, both as an idea and as a composition, still pose many unresolved questions. The nature of the Bible's authority, including the many ways in which that authority has been tapped throughout history, is important and is continually investigated. The essays in this book discuss such crucial issues as the history of the formation of the biblical canon, examples of the canonization of books in antiquity outside Christianity, and the nature and function of canonical texts in...