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For over a millennium and a half, Egypt was home to at least two commonly used languages of communication. Although this situation is by no means exceptional in the ancient and medieval worlds, the wealth of documentary sources preserved by Egypt's papyri makes the country a privileged observation ground for the study of ancient multilingualism. One of the greatest contributions of papyri to this subject is that they capture more linguistic registers than other ancient and medieval sources, since they range from very private documents not meant by their author to be read by future...

The volume ranges from the close examination of specific objects to larger questions of their signification for the medieval societies that fashioned them and the ways in which they have been, and are currently, interpreted.

The Christian communities of the Middle East distinguish themselves through their unique languages, their ethnic identities and their doctrinal stances. Whereas the history of doctrinal disputes has been a topic of old in Western scholarship, it is only in more recent times that scholars have begun to investigate how the Christian communities of the Nile-to-Oxus region perceived themselves and how they asserted their distinct identities vis-a-vis their neighbours and maintained a sense of communal integrity in response to cultural change and foreign domination. This volume brings together a...

The papers in this volume were presented at a Mellon-Sawyer Seminar held at the University of Oxford in 2009-2010, which sought to investigate side by side the two important movements of conversion that frame late antiquity: to Christianity at its start, and to Islam at the other end. Challenging the opposition between the two stereotypes of Islamic conversion as an intrinsically violent process, and Christian conversion as a fundamentally spiritual one, the papers seek to isolate the behaviours and circumstances that made conversion both such a common and such a contested phenomenon. The...