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What role did biographies play for the intelligentsia of the 2nd century AD? What literary forms were used by contemporary authors in their personal portrayals? These two questions have led to this cross-genre investigation of the personal portraits in the letters of Pliny the Younger, in the miscellaneous work of Gellius, and in the Lives of the Caesars by Suetonius. Among the common features which can thus be observed are the normative potential of historical figures, the commemoration of contemporaries, and the interaction with communicative conditions of the Roman Empire. Such...

A common narrative device in historical writing in antiquity was the use of speeches delivered by a historical person, which the historian composed and rendered in direct speech. This work presents, for the first time, a comprehensive comparison of how the most important historians in antiquity used this device. The focus on the historians' speeches is less on their fictionality but on their different functions as literary technique. The essays in this volume explore how the speeches were used to characterize the speaker and other historical persons and to describe historical events from...