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Many complex systems found in nature can be viewed as function optimizers. In particular, they can be viewed as such optimizers of functions in extremely high- dimensional spaces. Given the difficulty of performing such high-dimensional op- timization with modern computers, there has been a lot of exploration of computa- tional algorithms that try to emulate those naturally-occurring function optimizers. Examples include simulated annealing (SA 15,18]), genetic algorithms (GAs) and evolutionary computation 2,3,9,11,20-22,24,28]. The ultimate goal of this work is an algorithm that can, for...

Pioneer settlers began arriving in Pine Creek Valley after the Revolutionary War, drawn to the pristine wilderness filled with towering white pines and hemlocks. In the 1880s, descendants of those settlers began extensive lumbering operations aided greatly by the arrival of the railroad through the valley. Additional logging railroads were rapidly constructed up the tributary runs to the great stands of trees. Pine Creeks villages flourished, with both large and small sawmills buzzing. Around 1910, when the great lumbering days ended, many of the village populations plummeted. Throughout the...

Middletown was settled in 1752, when George Fisher arrived from Philadelphia and built a home on the west bank of Swatara Creek. Named Middletown because it was midway between Lancaster and Carlisle, this oldest town in Dauphin County became incorporated as a borough in 1826. Through the years Middletown became noted for its Wincroft Stove Works, Standard Steel Car Company, Middletown-Royalton Brick Works, and Rough Wear Clothing Company. During World War II, Olmsted Air Force Base added greatly to the town's economy. In 1979, the Three Mile Island nuclear incident assured that Middletown...