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Before the Second World War the Jewish Labour party, the Bund, was one of the most important Jewish parties in Poland. As a socialist party, the Bund believed that the Jewish community could build on, and consolidate, its roots in Poland; develop its Jewish culture on the basis of its natural language, Yiddish; and exert an influence in the Polish Socialist camp, towards the creation of a regime of social justice and civic equality for all. From its very inception in the late-nineteenth century, the Bund fought the effort of the Zionist movement to establish a separate national territory in...

Before the Second World War the Jewish Labour party, the Bund, was one of the most important Jewish parties in Poland. As a socialist party, the Bund believed that the Jewish community could build on, and consolidate, its roots in Poland; develop its Jewish culture on the basis of its natural language, Yiddish; and exert an influence in the Polish Socialist camp, towards the creation of a regime of social justice and civic equality for all. From its very inception in the late-nineteenth century, the Bund fought the effort of the Zionist movement to establish a separate national territory in...

From January 1945, in the last months of the Third Reich, about 250,000 inmates of concentration camps perished on death marches and in countless incidents of mass slaughter. Attempting to answer the questions raised by this final murderous rampage, the author draws on the testimonies of victims, perpetrators, and bystanders.