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Examining the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the Persian Gulf states from 1979 to 1998, this text covers the perceptions Iranians and Arabs have of each other, Islamic revolutionary ideology, the Iran/Iraq war, the Gulf crisis, the election of President Khatami and finally the role of external powers, such as the US. The author argues that over the 20-year period, the policy has moved from being ideological to pragmatic, and that by tracing its history we can better anticipate its future relationship.

Widespread media interest into the Chechen conflict reflects an ongoing concern about the evolution of federal Russia. Why did the Russian leadership initiate military action against Chechnya in December 1994 but against no other constituent part of the Federation? This study demonstrates that the Russian invasion represented the culmination of a crisis that was perceived to have become an increasing threat not only to the stability of the North Caucasus region, but also to the very foundations of Russian security. It looks closely at the Russian Federation in transition, following the...