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The concept of air polishing is based on a technology developed by Dr. Robert Black in 1945. Black invented a device called the Air Dent, which used compressed air, water and a highly abrasive powder to eliminate pain from cavity preparation, making anesthesia unnecessary. Air polishing was first marketed in 1976. Air-powder polishing is accomplished by the propulsion of abrasive particles through a mixture of compressed air and water which is passed through a handpiece nozzle. Kinetic energy propels the air polishing abrasive particles against the tooth surface, thus removing stain and/or...

This book covers the host responses which play a critical role in determining the course of periodontal disease. We have knowledge of the microflora associated with periodontal diseases.This book emphasizes characteristics of th host's immune response to periodontopathic bacteria which act to limit the ability of these bacteria to colonize the host, to survive in the gingival pocket, and to invade the gingiva and adjacent tissues. Other features of the immune response to periodontopathic bacteria lead to destruction of the connective tissues, alveolar bone, and other tissue components...