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Email has become an indispensable communication tool in daily life. However, high volumes of spam waste resources, interfere with productivity, and present severe threats to computer system security and personal privacy. This book introduces research on anti-spam techniques based on the artificial immune system (AIS) to identify and filter spam. It provides a single source of all anti-spam models and algorithms based on the AIS that have been proposed by the author for the past decade in various journals and conferences. Inspired by the biological immune system, the AIS is an adaptive...

The movement of Asian citizens across continents now occurs on an unprecedented scale, with a surge in Asian tourists now visiting Europe, North America, Africa and Oceania. Tourists from China, Taiwan, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and to a lesser extent Korea and Japan are meeting the citizens of cultures they had previously only been able to read about or view from afar. This book seeks to understand the experiences of, and reactions to, Asian tourists travelling out of Asia.Questions about Asian tourist contact with unfamiliar countries and cultures will be addressed. What are the interests...