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Alfred Firmin Loisy (1857-1940) was a French theologian, biblical scholar, and Roman Catholic priest. Loisy's six articles appearing in the Revue de clerge francais from 1898 to 1900 (under the name "A. Firmin") represent one of the earliest modernist attempts to develop a history of Christianity. His advocacy of a more liberal approach to the interpretation of Christian history and doctrine brought him into direct conflict with the Catholic Church. Loisy was removed from his position as professor at the Catholic Institute in Paris, his writings were denounced by the Vatican, and he was...

Enthusiasm for the operas of composer Richard Wagner (1813-1883) flourished in fin-de-siecle France, fed by fascination for the medieval history and literature that inspired his work. Philosopher Marcel Hebert developed his Religious Experience in the Work of Richard Wagner (1895) from this background of sustained popular interest in Wagner.

This book project traces the thought of several Roman Catholic Modernists (and one especially virulent anti-Modernist) as they confronted the intellectual challenges posed by the Great war from war from 1895 to 1907.